In particular, it underlined the multiplicity of crisis drivers (drought and long term climate change, food price increases, growing vulnerability of populations aggravated by shortened space between crisis cycles, rapid onset disasters, locust infestations, political tensions and conflicts). The workshop participants deliberated the impact of a diversity of programmes (food aid, cash and voucher, assistance to agriculture and pastoral issues, nutrition approaches using community based mechanisms or integration with health services, etc.) and the need to develop multidisciplinary, multi-scale and well coordinated multi-actors integrated programming emerge high in the agenda. Similarly, multi-year programming was seen as an avenue worth exploring further.